Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS) is a specialized field of surgery that focuses on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases involving the heart, lungs, esophagus, chest, and major blood vessels throughout the body. Cardiothoracic surgeons perform procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve repair or replacement, lung resections, and surgeries for congenital heart defects. Vascular surgery within this specialty addresses conditions like aneurysms, blocked arteries, and varicose veins using both open surgical and minimally invasive techniques. The primary aim of CTVS is to restore proper circulation and organ function, enhance patient outcomes, and significantly improve quality of life.